Kenya

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Articles general

• Kenya - Wikipedia
• Kibera - "Kibera is the largest slum in Nairobi, and the second largest urban slum in Africa." - Wikipedia
  
• Maasai - "The Maasai are an indigenous African ethnic group of semi-nomadic people located in Kenya and northern Tanzania." - New World Encyclopedia
• Raila Odinga - profile of Kenya's main opposition leader
  
• Mwai Kibaki - profile of Kenya's president
  

Articles news

• How Kenyans are lured into domestic servitude and forced prostitution - "Kenya is ranked among source, transit and destination countries for trafficked persons due to its porous borders and poor surveillance by security officials. Kenya and Tanzania serve as transit routes for Ethiopian women being trafficked to Europe and the Middle East." - Daily Nation - May 2, 2011
  
• State to launch tree planting programme - "The Government will next month launch another mass tree planting drive, similar to kazi kwa vijana initiative to create jobs for women and the youth." - The Standard - March 18, 2011
• Israel pledges to help Kenya establish Supreme Court - The Standard - March 10, 2011
  
• Kenyan Activist Becomes a Victim of Rendition - "In 2007, the Muslim Human Rights Forum (MHRF), which Kimathi chairs, exposed a huge renditions scandal — dubbed "Africa's Guantanamo" — in which Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and the U.S. were secretly moving prisoners to different African countries." - Time - March 10, 2011
  
• Kenya: Mau Forest - Endangered Water Tower - Video - "The Mau Forest is the largest and most critical watershed in Eastern Africa... This 11-minute piece explores the ... Mau Forest issue in Kenya, as it relates to poverty, population growth, the role of Kenya's government..." - Indigenous Peoples Issues & Resources - March 6, 2011 (More about this problem in this video with a representative of the indigenous Okiek people of Kenya)
  
• Kabila, Kibaki meet over smuggled gold - "DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) President Joseph Kabila flew in for emergency talks with President Kibaki over huge consignments of gold stolen and smuggled into Kenya from his country by a cartel." - The Standard - March 4, 2011
  
• Raila's family was involved in maize scandal, claim US cables - "Wikileaks claim Prime Minister Raila Odinga attempted to suspend former Agriculture Minister William Ruto to divert attention from his family’s involvement in the Sh2 billion maize scam." - The Standard - March 1, 2011
  
• Kenyans demonstrate against Ethiopia’s mega-dam - "Kenyans have demonstrated against a hydroelectric mega-dam being built in neighbouring Ethiopia, over fears that it will devastate hundreds of thousands of lives in both countries." - Survival International - Feb 24, 2011
  
• Kenya Reform Moves Forward - "Since late January, Kenya’s coalition government has been engulfed in a bitter struggle between President Mwai Kibaki and Prime Minister Raila Odinga over controversial nominations for Kenya’s judiciary." - VOA - Feb 23, 2011
• Humanitarian Groups Call for Investment, Infrastructure to Prevent Famine in Kenya - "As drought continues in Kenya's arid north, a coalition of humanitarian groups is urging the east African nation to combat future shortages through infrastructure development and economic reform." - VOA - Feb 16, 2011
• Drought continues to ravage north Kenya - Aljazeera video - Feb 9, 2011
  
• Prime Minister Disputes Key Nominations in Kenyan Judiciary - "Controversy is again raging in Kenya’s coalition government after the prime minister rejected key judicial appointments he says were made behind his back." - VOA - Jan 31, 2011
  
• Kenya: Video Report On Maasai: The Race To Preserve The Past - "Their centuries old culture is at risk of disappearing. They are the Maasai in Kenya. Now two of their own are in a race against time to preserve their heritage." - Indigenous Peoples Issues and Resources - Jan 23, 2011
• China defends race for road contracts in Kenya - "Chinese firms have in recent years won several tenders in the country’s major road expansion programmes, locking out local firms from the lucrative contracts worth billions of shillings." - Business Daily - Jan 11, 2011

Books

• Kenya: Atlas of Our Changing Environment - "... the country's mountains, forests, water bodies and national parks, chronicling the evolution of the country's environment over the last few decades" - ebook pdf 168 pages - free download (this link worked for me)
  

Music

• Massai & Samburu - Playlist of 45 videos

Projects

• Orphans and street kids - "Simon Kingori homepage to get support for his project to help orphans, street children and affected families in Kenya." - photos about this project and Kenya
  

Videos

• Born to Run - Kenya - "12 September 2000 - An insight into Kenya's unrivaled production of long distance runners." - 13:30 min
• Kenya: Where Perception Isn't Reality Documentary - "[shows] how much of a rich Country Kenya is, and how Kenyans as a people are some of the most creative beings in the world." - 25:23 min
• Research topics: Kenya - Playlist

• The last nomads: drought drives Kenya's herders to the brink - "With livestock dying and water scarce, the pastoral way of life has been reduced to a struggle for survival" - guardian.co.uk

Websites

• Kenya - allafrica.com
  

Human rights

Image via WikipediaThis page covers global human rights trends and issues.

Map of Freedom 2009 - www.freedomhouse.org

Articles general

• History of human rights - Wikipedia
  
• Human rights - Wikipedia
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights - "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (10 December 1948 at Palais de Chaillot, Paris)." - Wikipedia
  

News

• Freedom in the World 2011 - "Global freedom suffered its fifth consecutive year of decline in 2010, according to Freedom in the World 2011" - Freedom House - Jan 13, 2011
  

Websites

• Freedom House - "... an independent watchdog organization that supports the expansion of freedom around the world. Freedom House supports democratic change, monitors freedom, and advocates for democracy and human rights."

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Shaolin Kung Fu

Image via Wikipedia嵩山少林寺 songshan shaolin temple

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Articles general

• List of the 72 Shaolin martial arts - Wikipedia
• History of the Shaolin monks - About.com
  
• Shaolin Kung Fu - "Shaolin Kung Fu refers to a collection of Chinese martial arts that claim affiliation with the Shaolin Monastery." - Wikipedia
• Shaolin Monastery - "The Shaolin Monastery or Shaolin Temple is a Chán Buddhist temple ... in Dengfeng, China... Founded in the 5th century, the monastery is long famous for its association with Chinese martial arts and particularly with Shaolin Kung Fu..." - Wikipedia
  

News

• Inside the Life of a Shaolin Monk - The Huffington Post - Jan 31, 2011
  

Videos

• Discovery Channel - Ancient Warriors - Shaolin Monks - 25:22 min

• Myths & Logic Of Shaolin Monks Pt 1 - National Geographic documentary - 9:51 min - Part 2 - Part 3 - Part 4 - Part 5
  

• Training Scenes The 36th Chamber of Shaolin - Scenes from the movie - 6:04 min

Websites

• How to Learn Shaolin Kung Fu for Free Online
  
• Readings on Traditional Shaolin Culture, History, Philosophy, and Arts
• Shaolin Culture Learn Shaolin Kung Fu and Chen Tai Chi
• Shaolin Kung Fu OnLine Library - Canonical Texts of Shaolin Monastery
• Shaolin Kung Fu Techniques: Video Series - "Learn how to use the kung fu techniques of Shaolin monks in this free martial arts instruction video from our Martial Arts expert." - You can find more video series here with instructions how to practice Shaolin techniques
  
• Shaolin Temple website
• Traditional Shaolin Culture in USA
  
  

Up Fighting arts

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Fighting arts

Image by kevinpoh via FlickrArt of Shaolin Kung Fu

Research topics

• Shaolin Kung Fu
  

Articles general

• Historical European martial arts - "Historical European martial arts is a neologism describing martial arts of European origin, used particularly to refer to arts formerly practiced, but having since died out or evolved into very different forms." - Wikipedia
• History of martial arts - Wikipedia
  
• List of martial arts - Wikipedia
  
• Martial arts - "Martial arts (literally meaning arts of war but usually referred as fighting arts) are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat. Martial arts all have similar objectives: to physically defeat other persons or defend oneself or others from physical threat." - Wikipedia
  

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Global food price crisis

Image via WikipediaPercentage of national population suffering from malnutrition, according to United Nations statistics

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Articles general

• 2007–2008 world food price crisis - "The years 2007–2008 saw dramatic increases in world food prices, creating a global crisis and causing political and economical instability and social unrest in both poor and developed nations. Systemic causes for the worldwide increases in food prices continue to be the subject of debate." - Wikipedia

Articles news & background

• Global food prices: How pension funds can leave poor people hungry - video - "Spread betting on the future price of food by large western investors could potentially be raising the real price of food for people in the third world" - guardian.co.uk - June 1, 2011
  
• World Bank Discusses High Food Prices - "Global food prices have risen by 36 percent in the past year, according to figures released this week by the World Bank... the number of chronically hungry people in the world today... tick up toward one billion" - With video - VOA - April 16, 2011
  
• A World Going Hungry - "More than one billion people, a sixth of the world's population, now face chronic hunger and the situation is likely to worsen this year..."- IPS - Feb 13, 2011
  
• Rising world food prices may soon hit Africa hard, but could be a future boon - "Global food prices are rising to dangerous levels and threaten tens of millions of poor people around the world" - The Christian Science Monitor - Feb 16, 2011
• World Bank: Food prices at "dangerous levels" - "Global food prices have hit "dangerous levels" that could contribute to political instability, push millions of people into poverty and raise the cost of groceries..." - Yahoo News - Feb 15, 2011
  
• Kripke Says Land Grabbing a `Quickly Growing Problem' - "Gawain Kripke, research director at Oxfam America, talks about the acquisition of farmland in developing countries by other countries seeking to ensure their food supplies. He speaks with Mark Crumpton on Bloomberg Television's "Bottom Line."" - Bloomberg video - Feb 10, 2011
  
• Food Crisis 2011? 14 Disturbing Facts That Make You Wonder If The Coming Global Food Shortage Has Already Begun - Feb 10, 2011
• Lester Brown, president of the Earth Policy Institute, discusses the outlook for global food production and potential implications for the world's population - video 7:26 min - Feb 9, 2011
• World food prices hit record high: UN agency - "World food prices reached their highest level ever recorded in January and are set to keep rising for months..." - Breitbart - Feb 3, 2011
  
• Steep Oil Prices, Food Shortages Will Likely Spark Deadly Riots This Year - AlterNet - Jan 23, 2011
• In Corrupt Global Food System, Farmland Is the New Gold - "Famine-hollowed farmers watch trucks loaded with grain grown on their ancestral lands heading for the nearest port, destined to fill richer bellies in foreign lands. This scene has become all too common since the 2008 food crisis." - IPS - Jan 13, 2011
  

Blogs

• World Food Prices Near Crisis Levels - "World food prices continued to rise drastically in December and are still escalating thus far in 2011, with no end in sight. According to the United Nations, the prices are now close to the crisis levels of 2007." - Jan 7, 2011
  

Videos

• Research topics: Global food price crisis - playlist

Up Food

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Food

Image via Wikipedia


Research topics

• Global food price crisis
  

----------------------
Articles general

• Food - "Food is any substance or materials eaten or drunk to provide nutritional support for the body and/or for pleasure. It usually consists of plant or animal origin, that contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals, and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life." - Wikipedia
  

Articles news

• World food supply threatened by Japan nuclear radiation - Natural News - March 17, 2011
  
• A New Spin on Cooking - high-speed spin - "High-end restaurants have begun adding a new piece of equipment to the kitchen that until recently was found mainly in medical laboratories and university chemistry departments." - Scientific American - March 16, 2011
  
• Maine town becomes first to declare food sovereignty - "Local residents recently voted unanimously at a town hall meeting to pass an ordinance that reinforces its citizens' God-given rights to "produce, process, sell, purchase, and consume local foods of their choosing," which includes even state- and federally-restricted foods like raw milk." - Natural News - March 11, 2011
  
• UN alarmed at huge decline in bee numbers - "The UN on Thursday expressed alarm at a huge decline in bee colonies under a multiple onslaught of pests and pollution, urging an international effort to save the pollinators that are vital for food crops." - Yahoo News - March 10, 2011
  

Articles research

• Top 15 Least Contaminated Fruits, Vegetables - "When it comes to fruits and vegetables, do you know which ones are safe to eat and which ones should be purchased organic because of heavy pesticides?"

See also

• Research topics: Health food
  

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Ancient Egypt

Image via WikipediaGreat Sphinx of Giza and the pyramid of Khafre

Research topics

• Isis

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Articles general

• Ancient Egypt - Wikipedia
• History of Ancient Egypt - "... spans the period from the early predynastic settlements of the northern Nile Valley to the Roman conquest in 30 BC. The Pharaonic Period is dated from around 3150 BC, when Lower and Upper Egypt became a unified state, until the country fell under Greek rule in 332 BC." - Wikipedia
  

Articles news

• Colossal Statues of Tut's Grandfather Resurface - "Colossal statues of King Amenhotep III, believed to be the grandfather of King Tutankhamun, continue to pop up like mushrooms on the west bank of the Nile near Luxor, Egypt." - Discovery News - April 26, 2011
  

Music

• Ancient Egypt music - playlist of 39 videos

See also

• Research topics: Egypt

Timelines

• Egyptian chronology - Wikipedia
  

History of Tibet

Image via WikipediaCultural/historical Tibet (highlighted) depicted with various competing territorial claims.

Up Tibet




Articles general

• 1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet - Wikipedia
• Bön - "Bön is the oldest extant spiritual tradition of Tibet... the pre-Buddhist religious practices of Tibetans that are "imperfectly reconstructed [yet] essentially different from Buddhism" and were focused on the personage of a divine king..." - Wikipedia
  
• British expedition to Tibet - "The British expedition to Tibet during 1903 and 1904 was an invasion of Tibet by British Indian forces, seeking to prevent the Russian Empire from interfering in Tibetan affairs and thus gaining a base in one of the buffer states surrounding British India..." - Wikipedia
• Foreign relations of Tibet - "The Foreign relations of Tibet are documented from the 7th century onward, when Buddhism was introduced by missionaries from India." - Wikipedia
• History of European exploration in Tibet - "The location of Tibet, deep in the Himalaya mountains, made travel to Tibet extraordinarily difficult at any time, in addition to the fact that it traditionally was forbidden to all foreigners." - Wikipedia
  
• History of Tibet - Wikipedia
• Tibetan Empire - "From the 7th to the 11th century a series of emperors ruled Tibet... the power of the empire gradually increased ... in the opening years of the ninth century, its influence extended as far south as Bengal and as far north as Mongolia." - Wikipedia
  
• Timeline of Tibetan history - Wikipedia
  

Shambhala

• Nazi Expedition - to Tibet
  
• Shambhala - "In Tibetan Buddhist tradition, Shambhala is a mythical kingdom hidden somewhere in Inner Asia." - Wikipedia
  
• The role of the Shambhala legend in Russian and Japanese involvement with pre-Communist Tibet - by Alexander Berzin - Tibet from ca 1900 on
• Tibet's Lost City - Atlantis in the Himalayas - "Fierce warriors and bloodthirsty shamans ruled this remote mountain realm more than 2,000 years ago." - Der Spiegel article about "The Silver Palace of Garuda: The Discovery of Tibet's Last Secret," by Bruno Baumann - April 28, 2006
• EXPLORERS FIND ELUSIVE SHANGRI-LA IN WORLD'S DEEPEST KNOWN GORGE - From The Chicago Tribune ca 1999
• The Nazi Connection with Shambhala and Tibet - by Alexander Berzin - May 2003
  

Videos

• Research topics: History of Tibet - playlist

Up Tibet
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Mali

Image via WikipediaSankore Mosque in Timbuktu

Articles general

• Mali - Wikipedia
• Timbuktu - Wikipedia
• Timbuktu manuscripts - "... 700,000 medieval African documents, ranging from scholarly works to short letters, that have been preserved by private households in Timbuktu." - Wikipedia - see also video below

Music

• Mali music - Playlist of 56 videos

News

• Mali becomes hub of drug trafficking - Study - Afrique en ligne - Jan 19, 2011
  

Videos

• * Great Mosque of Djenne - "The great Mosque of Djenne in Mali is entirely mud clay African designed and constructured masterpiece that was completed in 1907." - 7:39 min

• * The Lost Libraries of Timbuktu - "The story of Timbuktu and its long hidden legacy of thousands of ancient manuscripts. Aminatta Forna tells the story of legendary Timbuktu and its long hidden legacy of hundreds of thousands of ancient manuscripts." - 58:00 min - More about the lost libraries
  

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Mongols

Image via WikipediaGenghis Khan

Research topics

• Similarities between the Mongol Empire and Communism
  

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Articles general

• Mongol Empire - Wikipedia
• Mongolia - Wikipedia
  
• Mongoloid race - Wikipedia
  

Images

• Mongolia 1911-2009 - Slideshow

Music

• Mongol songs - Playlist of 64 videos

See also

• Research topics: Mongolia ancient

Websites

• Genghis Khan and the Great Mongol Empire
  
• History of Mongolia
  

This page is still being updated and complemented. Please submit your suggestions in a comment.

Similarities between the Mongol Empire and Communism

Up Communism
Up Mongols






Articles general

• Communism - Wikipedia
  
• Mongol Empire - "The Mongol Empire was a massive empire during the 13th and 14th centuries... It is commonly referred to as the largest contiguous empire in the history of the world." - Wikipidia
• Mongol invasions of Korea - [After multiple Mongol invasions of Korea from 1231 to 1270, Korea was a tributary state for about 80 years] - Wikipedia
  

Books & documents

• The Mongols in World History - pdf 29 pages - website
  

Facts

• After the Soviet Union, Mongolia became the 2nd communist country in the world in 1924
• The main religion practiced within Mongolia is Tibetan Buddhism
• About 0.5 percent of the global population -- are descendants of GENGHIS KHAN! (read) - Many more are descendants of Mongol soldiers, who now are ancestors of many people in countries that became communist.
  
• 1os of millions have been killed in genocides caused by communist rule and also by conquests by the Mongol Empire.
  

Historians

• Genghis Khan and the Communists - "The Mongolian past has been drawn by both sides into twentieth-century disputes between Russia and China" - "Not only did the Mongols tear Russia away from Europe; but by doing so they prevented her from sharing the stimulating experience of the Renaissance and the scientific revolution." - History Today - See also Mass killings under Communist regimes - Wikipedia
  

News

• Genghis Khan the GREEN: Invader killed so many people that carbon levels plummeted - Mail Online - Jan 25, 2011
• 1 in 200 men direct descendants of Genghis Khan - A saying attributed to Genghis Khan: "The greatest joy for a man is to defeat his enemies, to drive them before him, to take from them all they possess, to see those they love in tears, to ride their horses, and to hold their wives and daughters in his arms." - August 5, 2010
  
• The descendants of Genghis Khan - all 50,000 of them - rush to register their vote in Mongolia - "Some 17 million people in Asia are estimated to be the direct descendants of Genghis Khan." - The Independent - June 26, 2004
  

Videos

• The ‘resurrection’ of Ghengis Khan - "Persona non grata in Communist times, medieval leader Ghengis Khan has made a comeback adorning posters, bottles, and even the local currency in Mongolia." - RT - 2:33 min

Up Communism
Up Mongols

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Communism

Image via Wikipedia

Research topics

• Similarities between the Mongol Empire and Communism
  

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Articles general

• Communism - "Communism refers to a theory for revolutionary change and political and socioeconomic organization based on common control of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. While communism or Marxism-Leninism, as it is known, champions economic justice, it views social revolution and the violent overthrow of the existing social order as essential components in the process." - New World Encyclopedia
• Holodomor - "The Holodomor was a man-made famine in the Ukrainian SSR, part of the Soviet famine of 1932–1933. During the famine, which is also known as the "terror-famine in Ukraine" and "famine-genocide in Ukraine", millions of Ukrainians died of starvation in a peacetime catastrophe unprecedented in the history of Ukraine." - Wikipedia
  
• Marxism-Leninism - "Marxism-Leninism is an adaptation of Marxism developed by Vladimir Lenin, which led to the first successful communist revolution in Lenin's Russia in November 1917. As such, it formed the ideological foundation for the world communist movement centering on the Soviet Union." - New World Encyclopedia
• Mass killings under Communist regimes - "[Communist states] have killed significant numbers of people... The highest death tolls... are for the Soviet Union under Stalin, in the People's Republic of China under Mao, and in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge. Many scholars contend that millions, perhaps tens of millions, lost their lives..." - Wikipedia
  

Articles news

• Stalin's Cannibals - What the new book Bloodlands tells us about the nature of evil - "I had really not been aware of the extent of the cannibalism that took place during the Stalinist-enforced famine in the Ukraine in 1933" - Slate - Feb 7, 2011
  
• "The 11th Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) reaffirmed Marxism-Leninism Wednesday as the cornerstone of the economic renewal process initiated in this capital 25 years ago." - Red Ant Liberation Army News - Jan 12, 2011
• 
  

Blogs

• John Eagles about communism
  

Books and documents

• Causa lecture manual preface - pdf 21 pages - find more of these lectures here - Godism view inspired by Rev. Sun Myung Moon
  

Images

• Simon Menner: Images from the secret STASI archives
  

Videos

• Research topics: Communism - Playlist

Websites

• The role of Rev. Sun Myung Moon in downfall of communism - CAUSA website and teaching
  

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Yemen

Image via Wikipedia





Articles general

• Yemen - Wikipedia
• Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown - "The Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown refers to military operations by the Yemeni government and the United States government against al Qaeda and related targets in Yemen as part of the Global War on Terror. The crackdown began in 2001 and escalated on January 14, 2010 when Yemen declared open war on al Qaeda." - Wikipedia
  

Articles news

• Yemen's 'days of rage' - What are the risks of a political void in this volatile country? - Aljazeera Inside Story video - Feb 20, 2011
  
• Anti-government rallies hit Yemen - "Tens of thousands of people, inspired by events in Tunisia, protest in Sanaa to demand President Saleh's resignation." - source Al Jazeera - video - 1:21 min - Jan 27, 2011
• Demonstrations in Yemen - "In the capital, Sana’a, placard-wielding protesters called for removal of the long-serving president, Ali Abdullah Saleh." - The Economist - Jan 27, 2011
• Yemen, the real conflict Part 1 - "Poverty, dictatorship & suppression of socialist movement till soil for extremist forces" - Part 2 - The Real News videos - Feb 11, 2010
  

Images

• Yemeni culture - Slideshow

Music

• Yemen - Playlist of 41 videos

Videos

• An American's trip to Yemen - This video is a bit rough but gives a good impression of the lives of Yemeni men in the desert - 10:59 min
  

• Water scarcity in Yemen - 10:14 min (video may not run to the end)
  

• Queen Sheba - Behind The Myth 1/3 - 14:59 min - part 2 - part 3
  

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Egypt

Image via Wikipedia









Articles general

• 2011 Egyptian protests - Wikipedia
  
• Egypt - the country - Wikipedia
  

Articles news

• A tool of torture and abuse? - Egyptians are turning their anger towards the country's much feared and hated state security apparatus. - Aljazeera Inside Story video - March 7, 2011
  
• Hundreds storm Egyptian state security headquarters - "Protesters in Alexandria demanding abolition of state security throw petrol bombs at police, who fire back with live shots." - The Jerusalem Post - March 5, 2011
  
• Hawass admits Egypt's ancient heritage is in danger - "Egypt's archaeological sites are "in grave danger" from looters, according to the country's chief antiquities official, Zahi Hawass." - New Scientist - March 4, 2011
  
• What now for Egypt's revolution? - The resignation of Egypt's prime minister, Ahmed Shafiq, has seen the country take another step towards ridding itself of the old Hosni Mubarak regime. - Aljazeera Inside Story video - March 4, 2011
  
• A portrait of Muslim Brotherhood's supreme authority - "Sheikh Yusuf Qaradawi, who preached in Tahrir Square 10 days ago, loathes Israel, justifies suicide bombings against its civilians." - The Jerusalem Post - March 2, 2011
  
• Demonstrators Gather in Cairo to Press for Promised Reforms - VOA - Feb 25, 2011
  
• Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood seeks political party status - CNN - Feb 16, 2011
  
• Millions of Egyptians live in cemeteries - Press TV video - Feb 14, 2011
• Protesters target Egypt's antiquities chief - ""Get out," a crowd of 150 archaeology graduates chanted outside the office of Antiquities Minister Zahi Hawass" - MSNBC - Feb 14, 2011
  
• Mubarak ill but not in coma says Egyptian state media - RIA Novosti - Feb 14, 2011
  
• Israeli-Egyptian relations / Quiet military coup was behind Mubarak's resignation - "After Mubarak's Thursday-night address Egyptian military leaders, anticipating the anger of the protesters, told Mubarak that if he did not step down voluntarily the army would force him out." - HAARETZ.com - Feb 13, 2011
  
• Egypt army clashes with protesters - "Egypt's army has clashed with protesters that refuse to leave Cairo's Liberation Square two days after the US-backed dictator Hosni Mubarak was ousted from power. " - PressTV - Feb 13, 2011
  
• Egypt army as steward of transition in question - "Egypt's army rulers voiced commitment to civilian control and stability, but it was far from certain they had the vision or will to transform the most populous Arab nation into a vibrant democracy." - Los Angeles Times - Feb 12, 2011
  
• The Muslim Brotherhood's 'intellectual godfather' - "Sayyid Qutb lived in the United States from 1948 to 1950" - The Washington Post - Feb 12, 2011
  
• Research subtopic: News articles demonstrations in Egypt - Mubarak's fall - Jan/Feb 2011
  
• Inside Story - Egypt's Coptic Christians - Al Jazeera video - 23:58 - Jan 2, 2011
  
• Copts nervous after Egypt church attack - Al Jazeera video - Jan 4, 2011

Images

• Egypt past and present - slideshow

Music

• Egyptian folkloric - Playlist of 109 videos

• Research topics: Music of Egypt - playlist

Notes

• Ancient Egypt period was until the rise of the Assyrian Empire 721 BCE, which took control over Egypt in 664 BCE. After this Egypt never restored its ancient greatness. It was ruled by the following empires since then (dates given are those of the rise of these empires, not the dates that they took over Egyptian territory): Persian Empire (rose 550 BCE)- Macedonian Empire (rose 336 BCE) - Roman Empire (rose 44 BCE) - Byzantine Empire (rose 565 CE) - Sassanid Empire (rose 610) - The Caliphate (rose 750) - Saladin's (rose 1187) - Ottoman Empire (rose 1700) - European colonialism (1912) - new borders Egypt (ca 1920) (information from this video with historic maps of Middle East 3000 BCE / 2006 CE)
  

See also

• Research topics: Ancient Egypt

Videos

• Research topics: Egypt - Playlist

Timeline Sino-American relations

Image via WikipediaUp Sino-American relations

• 1784 - "America's first trading ship to go to China, named The Empress of China anchored there Saturday, August 28, 1784. On board as Supercargo, (the ship's business agent), was Samuel Shaw, representing the first USA businessmen willing to risk sending a cargo for trade with China." - The Beddoe Tract
• 1807 - "On September 4, 1807, a thin-looking, twenty-five-year-old Englishman, Robert Morrison, stepped off an American steamer in the southern Chinese port of Canton." - from Jesus in Beijing - More Christian protestant missionaries to China, among them many Americans here
  
• 1810 - "American Board, organized in Boston in 1810. This organization, one of the most significant Protestant missionary organizations in USA, sent out missionaries to China, India, South America, Africa and the Middle East..." - Turkish studies
• 1818 - "Samuel Russell & Company in Canton, China and Perkins & Company in the USA jointly set up an electrical company called Russell & Company..." - link
• 1823 - "The Monroe Doctrine, which was proclaimed by the USA in 1823, was evidence of its claims to the monopolistic exploitation of the countries of Latin America. During the 1840’s and 1850’s the USA foisted unfair treaties on China and Japan." - Colonies and colonial policy
• 1839 - "His American Fur Company purchased tons of Turkish opium and shipped the contraband to the USA. In 1839, the first Opium war between China and England to suppress opium traffic into China begins. The Chinese loose in 1842, and the English takes over (some say stole) Hong Kong as a convenient trading post with direct access to mainland China." - Golden Triangle
• 1842 - "Significant urban development [for Shanghai] began only after the signature of the Treaty of Nanking between Britain and China in 1842, at the conclusion of the first Opium War. With that and subsequent agreements with the USA and France, China agreed to open Shanghai and certain other ports to foreign commerce." - Secret War in Shanghai
• 1844 - "The Treaty of Wanghia is a diplomatic agreement between the Qing Dynasty of China and the United States, signed on 3 July 1844 in the Kun Iam Temple. It is considered an unequal treaty by many sources." - Wikipedia
• 1849 - "The first significant Chinese immigration to the United States began with the California Gold Rush of 1848-1855, and continued with subsequent large labor projects, such as the building of the First Transcontinental Railroad. During the early stages of the gold rush, when surface gold was plentiful, the Chinese were tolerated, if not well-received." - Wikipedia
• 1847 - "In 1847, the American Methodist Episcopal Society (North) entered the field of China, and soon surpassed all others in the number of its agents and members." - Wikipedia
  
• 1854 - "Beginning in 1854, American warships conducted cruises along the Yangtze River in China. Initially the mission of these cruises was to show the American flag and support American consular officers. The mission became more complex over time with the added trappings of supporting American foreign policy in defining the relationship between the USA and China and later with Japan." - link
• 1855 - China's Taiping rebellion - "The U.S. diplomats were essentially an appendage of British policy. In 1855, the Rev. Peter Parker, an old China hand from Yale, was named U.S. consul. He proposed that the United States back the British treaty demands, and that France should be given Korea, while the U.S.A. took Formosa." - link
  
• 1866 - "On the world scene, the USA, China, Brazil, Mexico, France, and Argentina together account for 75% of the world's corn production, the US accounting for about 40% of this total." - excerpt from book
• 1868 - "The entry of the Chinese into the US was, to begin with, legal and uncomplicated and even had a formal judicial basis in 1868 with the signing of the Burlingame Treaty between the United States and China." - Wikipedia and Relevance of The Compromise of 1877
• 1877 - "William Scott Ament was a missionary to China ... and was known as the "Father of Christian Endeavor in China." Ament became prominent as a result of his reported heroism during the Boxer Uprising..." - Wikipedia
  
• 1887 - "In 1887, Barker worked with the Chinese ambassador to the USA, Chang Yen Hoon, to develop railroad, telephone, and telegraph lines in China." - link
  
• 1989-1901 - "The United States played a secondary but significant role in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion..." - Wikipedia
  
• 1899 - " In September 1899, Hay addressed notes to the governments of Great Britain, Germany, and Russia, mentioning that US “commercial organizations” wished to maintain an “open door” in China." - link - see also Open Door Policy (Wikipedia)
  
• 1904 - " Even in 1904, when the exclusion of Chinese workers became permanent, small numbers of students, businessmen, and clergy continued to enter the USA from China." - excerpt from book
  
• 1918 - "In the Far East the USA did not try to prevent Japan's occupation of Northeast China in 1931." - link
  
• 1923 - "Since around that time, anti-Japanese propaganda had been spread by the Americans who were in China..." - link
  
• 1929 - "the USA and China signed a customs agreement which meant that the two countries from 1 January 1929, would recognize each other's customs autonomy and afford each other a most-favored-nation status in the customs area..." - excerpt from book
  
• 1936 - "In 1936, the USA accounted for 22 percent of China's exports and 20 percent of its imports." - excerpt from book
  
• 1937 - "American public sympathy for the Chinese was aroused by reports from missionaries, novelists such as Pearl Buck, and Time Magazine of Japanese brutality in China." - Second Sino-Japanese war 1937-1945
  
• 1945 - "After World War II ended in 1945, the hostility between the ROC and the CPC (Communist Party of China) exploded into open civil war. General Douglas MacArthur directed the military forces under Chiang Kai-shek to go to the island of Taiwan to accept the surrender of Japanese troops, thus beginning the military occupation of Taiwan." - Wikipedia
  
• 1949 - "After the fall of China to communism in 1949, all US embassies in China were closed because the Chinese Communist leadership believed that the Nationalist forces of Chiang Kai Shek had been funded by the USA in the civil war..." - excerpt from book
  
• 1950 - "After the civil war, the USA did not recognize the PRC and used its veto power to prevent the PRC from taking the seat designated for China in the UN Security CounciL In April 1950, the USA embargoed nearly all goods into China." - excerpt from book
  
• 1950 - "Any remaining hope of normalizing relations ended when the U.S. and PRC's forces fought directly against each other in the Korean War starting on November 1, 1950." - Korean War
  
• 1956 - " Under the influence of the competitors between the USA and USSR in the field of military prowess, China started its development of space technology in 1956." - link
  
• 1965-1970 - "Between 1965 and 1970, over 320,000 Chinese soldiers fought the Americans along side the North Vietnamese Army." - Vietnam War
  
• 1972 - "The Soviet Union issued its first sharp at tack on President Nixon's trip to Peking on Tuesday, accusing China of "entering a dangerous plot with the ruling circles of the USA..." - link - see also 1972 Nixon visit to China
• 1975 - "China accused the United States today of supporting Tibetans who seek to restore the exiled Dalai Lama to power in Tibet, which the Chinese Communists control." - link
  
• 1979 - "In the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations dated January 1, 1979, the United States transferred diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing. The U.S. reiterated the Shanghai Communiqué's acknowledgment of the Chinese position that there is only one China and that Taiwan is a part of China." - Wikipedia
• 1980 - In 1980, Deng Xiao Ping founder of modern China launch his new policy of opening China to the world and warm considerably the relations with USA." - link
• 1981 - "The expanding relationship that followed normalization was threatened in 1981 by PRC objections to the level of U.S. arms sales to the Republic of China on Taiwan." - Wikipedia
• 1989 - "In the period before the June 3–4, 1989 crackdown, a large and growing number of cultural exchange activities undertaken at all levels gave the American and Chinese peoples broad exposure to each other's cultural, artistic, and educational achievements." - Wikipedia - see also Tiananman Square protests of 1989
• 1998 - "On 18 June 1998, China's Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhu Bangzao in a public occasion called for a US–Chinese agreement on a NFU nuclear policy." - link
• 2001 - "Sino-American relations changed radically following the September 11, 2001 attacks. The PRC offered strong public support for the war on terrorism." - Wikipedia
  
• 2003 - "According to the Union of Swiss Banks and the OECD, in June 2003, China, Japan, Hongkong and South Korea together held 696 billion dollars' worth of US Treasury Bonds." - link
  
• 2004 - " In April 2004, at the Sino-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade, China and the USA agreed to lift the ban and resume trade on poultry products between the two countries." - link
• 2009 - "With Barack Obama taking office on January 20, 2009, there are hopes for increased co-operation and heightened levels of friendship between the two nations." - Wikipedia
  
• 2011 - Hu Jintao visit to the White House - "The Chinese president was treated lavishly, granted the honor of the third state dinner of Obama's presidency." - link
  

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